Relative keys are paired together because they share the same key signature. 10.4 SummaryĪll keys, major and minor, can be arranged on a circle of fifths to show the relationships between them. Because they share the same tonic (and scale degrees, \hat2, \hat4 and \hat5), it is easy to hear the relationship between a key and its parallel mate. (D major, for instance, has two sharps, while D minor has one flat.) Keep in mind, however, that, despite this differential, parallel keys sound quite similar. This is true of any pair of parallel keys, though in some cases, the the major key will have a sharp key signature while the parallel minor will have a flat key signature. It follows, then, that their key signatures differ by three symbols: E major, with its four sharps, has three more than E minor. E minor and E major, for example, are three steps away from each other on the circle. Note that while the circle of fifths is particularly useful for showing the closeness of keys that differ by only one pitch class, parallel keys-which differ by three pitch classes-are not as clearly demonstrated. Continuing to step up to scale degree \hat5 of each new key will eventually bring us back to the beginning: A, E, B, F #, C #, G #/A b, D #/E b, A #/B b, F, C, G, D, A. The complete circle of fifths.Įarlier, we saw that as we move clockwise around the circle, each new key begins on scale degree \hat5 of the key that came before it.
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